塔里木河流域生态输水效益分析

塔里木河流域位于我国西北内陆干旱区,由人类活动引起的土地荒漠化、土壤盐碱化、湖泊萎缩及干涸及生物多样性减少等一系列生态问题日趋严重。为适应西部大开发战略,改善生态环境和水利基础设施建设,政府部门开始对塔里木河流域实施综合治理工作,自2000年到2013年5月底,已先后向塔里木河下游"绿色长廊"实施了14次生态输水。基于大量相关文献及塔河官网数据,分析博斯腾湖的输水作用、开都-孔雀河下泄水量变化、水头历次到达大西海子水库以下距离变化等。研究表明:①博斯腾湖出水量与孔雀河下泄水量成正相关,博斯腾湖对于大西海子水库下泄水具有重要作用;开都-孔雀河输水量呈逐年下降趋势,而阿克苏河等3源流和干流输水量逐步提高,但在枯水年份的下泄能力有待提高;②大西海子水库向下游累计下泄水量41.64×108m3,10次将水输到台特玛湖,台特玛湖水量显著增加,结束了塔里木河下游河道连续断流近30年的历史,有效改善了塔里木河下游的生态环境。

An Analysis on the Tarim River Basin Ecological Water Conveyance

The Tarim Basin is located in the inland arid areas of northwest China. Land desertifica- tion, soil sanitization, biodiversity reduction and a series of increasingly serious ecological problems caused by human activity and climate change, led the ecological environment to be fragile, also re- strict the development of regional economy. In order to adapt to the western development strategy, to improve the ecological environment and water conservancy facilities, the government began to imple- ment the Tarim River basin comprehensive treatment work. From 2000 to the end of May 2013, it has been sent to the lower reaches of Tarim River “green corridor” to implement the ecological water con- veyance 14 times. This paper based on a large number of relevant literature and website data of Tarim oilfield, analyzes the characters of water function. The results showed that Daxihaizi reservoir plays an important role in the drainage of water, and the su River and trunk stream gradually increases, but carrying water capacity of three origin such as Ak- the drainage ability remains to be further improved in dry year. Daxihaizi reservoir drains 4. 164 billion m3, 10 times to the Taitema Lake. Water has ceased to flow lower reaches of Tarim River in the past 30 years. Now the history is over. It effective- ly improved the ecological environment of the lower reaches of Tarim River.