水源涵养内涵及估算方法综述

水源涵养和生态系统过程与人类生产生活紧密相关，深入研究水源涵养对维持生态系统健康和人类社会可持续发展至关重要,对促进人与水和谐共生具有指导意义。随着对水源涵养研究与应用的深入，水源涵养内涵逐渐丰富，评估方法愈加多样，但以往的研究中水源涵养定义模糊，缺乏对各种评估方法的综合性对比分析，因此急需明确界定水源涵养内涵，分析各种估算方法的适用性。采用文献分析法系统梳理水源涵养研究历程，将其划分为认识与萌芽期、理论发展期、定量计算和模型综合评估等4个阶段；从定义、水量与功能等3个方面明确界定水源涵养内涵，从原理、时空尺度、适用范围及优缺点方面对已有水源涵养量估算方法进行对比和分析，并展望水源涵养研究的未来发展方向。

Review on connotation and estimation method of water conservation

Water conservation is closely related to ecosystem processes,production and life of human beings.In-depth research of water conservation is of guiding significance for promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and water and is vital to the health of ecosystems and the sustainable development of human society.With the deepening of the research and application of water conservation,its connotation is gradually enriched,and the evaluation methods become more diverse.However,the definition of water conservation in previous studies is vague,and the comprehensive comparative analysis of various evaluation methods is lacking.Therefore,it is urgent to define the connotation of water conservation and analyze the applicability of its various estimation methods.The history of water conservation research is reviewed by literature analysis,which can be divided into four stages:cognition and germination stage,theory development stage,quantitative calculation stage,and comprehensive model evaluation stage.On this basis,the connotation of water conservation is clearly defined from three aspects of definition,water quantity,and function.The existing estimation methods of water conservation are collected and sorted out,and systematic comparative analysis is carried out on the principles,time and space scales,the application scope,and advantages & disadvantages.The possible research direction on water conservation in the future was also put forward.