分布式水文模型对水质监测数据的补充及污染源分析

水质现状监测对水环境影响评价、水环境治理具有重要作用。目前,水质现状监测数据存在监测频率低、监测难度大、影响因素复杂及信息化程度低等问题。为此,采用了分布式水文模型对水质监测数据进行补足,并追根溯源分析污染物来源。以都匀市剑江河流域为例,基于水文气象、下垫面数据及仅有的2010-2014年的四个断面不同步的水质数据,建立SWAT分布式水文模型模拟总磷污染物。结果表明,使用分布式水文模型不仅可以补足剑江河流域四个监测断面同期的总磷数据,还可以追根溯源得出该流域总磷污染主要来源于面源污染,同时可以分析出面源污染的空间分布情况以及不同污染类别的占比,该流域中肥料流失为主要污染源,尤其是丰水年的污染占比高达近66%。

Study on supplement of water quality monitoring data and analysis of pollution source by distributed hydrological model

Water quality mo nitoring play s a significant ro le in w ater envir onment impact assessment and water environment man2 ag ement . The current water quality monito ring data hav e the fo llow ing problems: low monit oring frequency , difficult ies in mo ni2 to ring , complex it y of influencing facto rs, and low level o f informatization. T o make up fo r the abo ve disadv antag es, w e used the distribut ed hydro lo gical model to supplement t he w ater quality mo nitoring data and trace the sour ce of pollutants. A case study was conducted in the Jianjiang Riv er basin. We established a SWAT mo del to simulate the tot al pho sphor us po llut ants based o n the hy dr ometeor olog y, the underly ing surface data, and the wat er qua lity data of fo ur sectio ns from 2010 t o 2014. Results indica2 ted that the dist ributed hydro log ical mo del can not only complement the to tal pho sphor us dat a o f the four monito ring sections in the same perio d, but also t race the so ur ce of total phospho rus pollutio n in t his basin to non2po int source po llut ion, and r ev eal the spatial distributio n o f the non2point so ur ce pollution and the pro po rtions of different pollutio n categ ories. Fert ilizer loss is the main po llution source in this basin, particularly in wet y ea rs, in w hich it acco unted for up to 66% o f po llut ion