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常用水质评价方法的选择
引用本文:毛兴华.常用水质评价方法的选择[J].水科学与工程技术,2006(1):21-23.
作者姓名:毛兴华
作者单位:上海市水文总站,上海,200232
摘    要:水环境质量的综合评价方法很多,特点各异.在重点分析最差因子判别法、有机污染综合指数评价法、主分量分析法和基于模糊理论的贴近度综合评价法这4种方法特点的基础上,以上海市若干水质监测点的监测成果为例,利用这4种方法分别进行了综合评价.评价结果表明,最差因子判别法评价的水质较差,而贴近度综合评价法评价的水质又过于乐观.有机污染综合指数评价法需要多次计算,多次比较,比较繁琐.主分量分析法充分考虑了各参评因子的权重,评价过程只需要通过一次计算,就能得出一个判别式和判别标准,以后评价时可以直接使用,而且评价结果符合实际情况,因此是一种比较好的评价方法.

关 键 词:水质  综合评价  方法
文章编号:1672-9900(2006)01-0021-03
收稿时间:2005-10-28
修稿时间:2005年10月28

Selection on assessment methods of typical water quality
MAO Xing-hua.Selection on assessment methods of typical water quality[J].Water Sciences and Engineering Technology,2006(1):21-23.
Authors:MAO Xing-hua
Abstract:There are many comprehensive methods with different characteristics for assessing water environmental quali- ty. This article firstly introduces four assessment methods which are worst factor judgment method,organic pollutant comprehensive index assessment method, principal component analysis method and fuzzy theory based comprehensive assessment method. And taking Shanghai as example,monitoring data at several monitoring stations are analyzed by using four methods. From the results of assessment,water quality assessed by worst factor judgment method is relative worse ,and water quality assessed by fuzzy theory based on comprehensive assessment method is rather good. In addi- tion,using organic pollutant comprehensive index assessment method needs to calculate and compare index several times,so this method is complicate.Principal component analysis method takes weight of every factor into account,and only needs to calculate once to get a discriminator or criteria which can be used directly for future assessment.And result from this assessment method is relative reasonable,so it is a rather good method for water quality assessment.
Keywords:water quality  comprehensive assessment  method
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