阿姆河流域耕地变化及水土匹配特征分析

基于中亚阿姆河流域4个分区1990—2015年间土地利用变化和水资源等数据，运用耕地变化速率、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数法以及水土资源匹配系数对阿姆河流域耕地变化和水土匹配状况进行了综合分析。结果表明:1990—2015年阿姆河流域耕地以146.74 km²/a的速度在扩张，且各时期、各分区扩张的速度不同；在不考虑咸海来水不断减少、生态持续恶化的前提下，绿洲区匹配状况属比较公平和相对合理状况；阿姆河流域水土资源空间分布存在明显的错位现象；全流域生态用水被农业用水严重挤占，阿姆河流域灌溉面积、灌溉用水量成为影响咸海水量及面积变化的重要因素，是一种不可持续的用水方式。

Analysis of cultivated land change and water-land matching characteristics in Amu Darya River Basin

Based on the data of land use change and water resources in four zonal of the Amu Darya River basin in Central Asia from 1990 to 2015, and by using the cultivated land change rate, Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient method and land and water resource matching coefficient, we comprehensively analyzed the cultivated land change and water and land resource matching status in the Amu Darya River Basin. The results showed that, from 1990 to 2015, the cultivated land in the Amu Darya Basin expanded at the speed of 146.74 km²/a, with different expansion rates in different periods and regions; Regardless of the continuous reduction of the Aral Sea water and the continuous deterioration of the ecology, the matching status of the oasis area is relatively fair and relatively reasonable; There is an obvious dislocation phenomenon in the spatial distribution of water and soil resources in the Amu Darya River Basin; The ecological water in the whole basin is severely squeezed by agricultural water, and the irrigation area and water consumption of the Amu Darya River Basin become the important factors affecting the change of aral sea water volume and area, which was an unsustainable way of using water.