河流生态流量特征图及生态流量评价方法

以水电站大坝下游河道为研究对象,从分析天然日流量特征出发,基于月中值流量和月内典型特征流量绘制了河流生态流量特征图,作为水库下泄生态流量的确定依据。基于此河流生态流量特征图,建立了判断生态流量满足程度的7 d流量偏差率、7 d生态需水保证率、月均生态需水适宜度及基于此3个指标的生态需水综合指标,并给出了各指标的评价依据和评价方法。结果表明,河流生态流量特征图符合各时段河流天然流量的基本特征,可作为指导水库生态泄流的依据;所建立的生态流量评价方法能够反映实际下泄流量与天然流量的变化程度,可用于评价河流的生态流量满足程度。

Diagram of river ecological flow characteristics and evaluation method of ecological flow

Taking the downstream of the dam of hydropower station as the research object, by analyzing the natural day flow characteristics, a diagram of river ecological flow characteristics was drawn based on the monthly mean flow and flow of typical characteristics, being the standard of ecological flow of reservoir water release. Based on the diagram of river ecological flow characteristics, the deviation rate of 7 day flow, the guarantee rate of 7 day ecological water demand, the monthly average suitability degree of ecological water, and the comprehensive index of ecological water demand based on these three indexes were set up to judge the satisfaction level of ecological flows; and the evaluation basis and evaluation method of each index were given. The results show that the diagram of river ecological flow characteristics conforms to the basic characteristics of river natural flow of each period, and it can be used as a basis for guiding the reservoir ecological discharge; and the evaluation method of ecological flows set up can reflect the changes of discharge flow and natural flow, and it can evaluate the satisfaction degree of river ecological flow.