干旱缺水区民勤县水资源持续高效利用措施研究

采用调查研究和统计分析方法,对民勤县石羊河流域重点治理工程及其效益得以显现的关键技术管理措施和效果进行调查研究。结果表明,指标层层细化、"三水"联合调度、轮次定额配水、推行差别水价政策、推广节水技术、调整农业种植结构、落实责任等措施,是实现水资源严格管理和高效利用的有效措施;责任制度落实、层层监督检查是水资源精细化管理的有效行政推动措施;乡(镇)水资源管理办公室是水源配置方案有效落实的重要组织保障措施;采用计量监控、监测设施设备是水资源管理的有效管控手段;依据水权和农产品动态趋势,适时调整农业种植结构,逐步形成以水定布局、节水高效的动态种植结构模式,是巩固水资源管理成果、推动水资源持续利用效益再上台阶的有效途径;以滴灌为主的高新高效技术推广和设施农牧业的高效发展是干旱缺水区缓减水资源供需矛盾、持续高效利用有限水资源和巩固流域生态修复成果、促进生态环境趋于良性循环的战略措施。

Research on measures for sustainable and efficient utilization of water resources in Minqin County in arid area with water shortage

Based on the methods of investigation and statistical analysis, the key project conducted in the Shiyang River Basin in Minqin County and the related management measures as well as the project''s effects were evaluated. The results show that the goals of strict management and efficient utilization of water resources were preliminary achieved through the implementation of seven measures as follows: refining the water rights, jointly scheduling atmospheric water, surface water, and groundwater, distributing water according to the rounds quota, implementing the differentiated water price policy, promoting the efficient water-saving technology, adjusting the agricultural planting structure, and clarifying water rights and responsibilities. In addition, the implementation of the responsibility system and supervision and inspection were effective administrative measures to promote the fine management of water resources. Township water resources management offices were important organizational guarantee measures for the effective implementation of water allocation schemes, and the water resources measurement monitoring facilities were the effective means for water management. Furthermore, the agricultural planting structure should be adjusted in time according to the dynamic trends of water rights and agricultural products, and a dynamic water-saving and efficient planting structure model should be gradually formed in order to consolidate the results of water resources management and promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. On the other hand, the promotion of drip irrigation and development of facilities in agriculture and animal husbandry were strategic measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in arid areas with water shortage, which will also help to promote sustainable and efficient utilization of water resources, to consolidate the results of ecological restoration, and to promote the virtuous cycle of ecological environment.