青藏高原湖泊分布特征及与全国湖泊比较

我国青藏高原分布着地球上海拔最高、数量最多、面积最大,以盐湖和咸水湖集中为特色的高原湖群区,形成与长江中下游平原稠密淡水湖群区遥相呼应之势。据统计,仅西藏和青海两省(区)面积大于1 0km2的湖泊就有1091个,约占全国湖泊总面积的49 4%。其中,面积大于10 0km2的湖泊有346个,占两省(区)湖泊总面积的95 2%。在区域气温不断升高、冰川融解退缩的情况下,通江和依赖冰川补给的湖泊扩张淡化。另一方面,众多的降水径流补给的湖泊退缩、咸化及至消亡。青藏高原环境变化趋势,既是响应全球气候变化的结果,又是其通过自身调整寻求新的动态平衡的反映。

Distribution and variation of lakes in Tibetan Plateau and their comparison with lakes in other part of China

Tibetan Plateau is the area where lakes of highest altitude, greatest amounts and acreage are located. As in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there is one of the biggest lake areas in Tibetan plateau, in which salt lakes and salt-water lakes are assembled. Statistically, there are 1091 lakes of more than 1.0 square kilometers in area, accounting for 49.4% of total area of lakes all over the country. And the number of lakes of more than 10 square kilometers in area is 346, which is 95.2% of total area of lakes in the region. Those lakes play important role in lake research in our country. Because of the continuously increasing of temperature and melting of some glaciers, the river-communicating lakes and lakes replenished by glaciers are expanding and becoming less salty. Meanwhile many lakes supplied with rainfall are shrinking and become saltier, and even die out. The environmental change in Tibetan Plateau is a result both of world climatic variation and of its self-regulation to achieve new ecological balance.