我国水利水电开发的生态保护实践与启示

我国水利水电开发中的生态与环境保护在法律、技术规范、资金保障等制度建设方面取得了重大进展。在实践中通过开展流域规划环评，生态破坏的预防得到加强；通过开展建设项目环境影响评价，从生态流量的保证、鱼类资源的保护、分层取水设施的设计布置等方面逐步深化了生态保护措施；建设期的环境监理、项目竣工的环境保护验收促进了环境保护措施的落实；水库的生态调度也在逐步展开。与此同时，应认识到我国水利水电建设在生态保护方面与发达国家相比还存在一定差距，今后要做好全流域综合规划与生态保护规划；开展生态保护共性技术研究：明确生态保护目标；加强生态调度的理论与方法研究，努力实现在保护生态的基础上有序开发水电。

Practice and revelation on ecological protection of hydroelectric development

There has been progressed on ecological protection of hydroelectric technical specification and financing assurance. Prevention of ecological damage development, m the field of law, have been strengthened by basin strategic environmental assessment in the practice. The measure of ecological protection is deepening progressively, in the field of assuring ecologic flow, protecting fish resource, designing water intake facilities in different levels, by construction environmental assessment. The measure of environmental protection has been implemented by acceptance of environmental supervision and completed construction project. Ecological dispatching of reservoirs is also being deployment. At the same time, we should have cognizance of the difference comparing with the advanced country, so we must carry the research on basin comprehensive planning and ecological protection planning, commonness technology of ecological protection, etc. The key point is order hydroelectric development on the basis of ecological protection.