试论南水北调工程与水权制度

我国的水资源现状，迫切需要尽快建立健全水权制度。水权制度是一种规范的水资源法制化管理模式，是一种与市场经济体制相适应的水管理机制，其核心是产权的明晰，用水权管理分析南水北调工程，当地水权的明晰将是确定调水需求量的关键；明确调水水权是工程建设和管理的前提；水权是解决水源地补偿的必要手段；加强水权管理是用好外调水的关键。可以预见，水权制度的建立必将推动南水北调等大型水资源配置工程的实施。

On the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and Water Right System

The prevailing water resource condition in China urgently demand the establishment and improvement of water right system. Water right system is a kind of standard water resources management mode appropriate to market economy system. The core of the water right system lies in clear definition of property right. By analyzing the South-to-North Water Tranfer Project with water right theory, the definition of local water right will be the key to figure out demand for diverted water and defining water right for diverted water will be precondition for constructing and managing the Project. Water right will also be the necessary measure to solve the compensation for territory where water is originally diverted to other basins. Strengthening water right management will be a key to utilize diverted water. It can be forecast that the establishment of water right system will promote the construction and implementation of large-size water distribution projects, for example, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.