高原湖泊生态系统服务功能及其对水电开发的影响

在分析西藏湖泊特征的基础上,将西藏湖泊生态系统服务功能划分为提供产品功能、调节功能、生命支持功能和科教娱乐功能4大类。建立了湖泊生态系统服务功能评价指标体系,包括调蓄洪水、水力发电、提供水(矿)产品、水资源蓄积、土壤持留、净化环境、气候调节、提供生境和生态旅游。以西藏羊卓雍湖为例,估算出该湖的生态系统服务价值为113.942×108元/a,其中直接使用价值为3.808×108元/a,间接价值为110.134×108元/a。分析了由于羊卓雍湖抽水蓄能电站的建设和运行对该湖生态系统服务功能的影响,主要为电站尾水出口至雅鲁藏布江曲水大桥段右岸居民饮用水水质的影响。分析结果表明,水电开发对羊卓雍湖生态服务功能的影响很小。

Ecosystem services of highland lakes and their impact on hydropower development

Based on analyzing the characteristics of lakes in Tibet,the ecosystem services of lakes in Tibet were divided into 4 categories: product function,regulation function,life support fucntion and education and entertainment function.An evaluation index system for the ecosystem services of lakes was established,including flood storage,hydropower generation,water(mineral) product supply,water accumulation,soil retention,environment purification,climate regulation,habitats and ecological recreation.Take Yamdrok Yum Lake in Tibet as an example,the annual value of its ecosystem services was estimated to be 113.942×108 Yuan RMB,with the annual direct and indirect values being 3.808×108 Yuan and 110.134×108 Yuan,respectively.The impact of construction and operation of Yamdrok Yum Lake Pumped Storage Power Station on the ecosystem services was analyzed,indicating that there was certain effect on the quality of drinking water from the tailrace outlet of Yamdrok Yum Lake Pumped Storage Power Station to the right bank of Qushui Bridge on Yarlung Zangbo River.The results show that the hydropower development of Yamdrok Yum Lake has small impact of its ecosystem services.