流域水资源使用权定量分配方法初探

针对不同流域的复杂情况,提出了流域水资源使用权初始分配的一般原则,包括社会公平、尊重现状、基本生态需水优先、重要性和效率优先、适量预留、权利和义务相结合、民主协商、适时调整等;研究了水权分配在经济社会发展水平、水资源权属关系、水资源调控能力、生态环境、政府预留水量等方面的约束条件及其阈值的确定方法;设计了比较具有可操作性的水权分配的技术思路,包括水权分配的空间尺度和时间尺度、河流与计算单元的关系、水权分配的层次与内容、需水的合理性复核、各水平年间水权的协调等。应用该方法完成了松辽流域各典型河流水资源使用权初始分配方案的定量研究。

Quantitative allocation method for right to use river basin water resources

In consideration of complicated situation of different river basins,general principles for initial allocation of right to use river basin water resources were proposed,including social impartiality,paying much attention to current situation,giving priority to the basic ecological water demand and the important and high efficient users,appropriate reserve,combining right with responsibility,democratic management,timely adjustment,and so on.The constraints of water right allocation in the fields of economic and social development,the appertaining relationship of water resources,the capacity of water resources regulation and control,ecological environment,and the reserved volume of water resources by government were studied,and the method to determine the thresholds of these constraints was worked out.Moreover,a maneuverable way for water right allocation was designed,considering the spatial scale and time scale of water right allocation,the relationship between calculating elements and rivers,the hierarchy and content of water right allocation,the checking of rational volume of water demand,and water right coordination between years of different levels.With the present method,a quantitative study of initial allocation scheme of right to use typical river water resources in Songliao River Basin was performed.