泄洪雾化降雨模型相似比尺分类研究

物理模型试验是研究泄洪雾化问题的主要方法，但泄洪雾化模型具有明显的缩尺效应。为了提高模型雨强换算精度，减小雾化模型缩尺效应的影响，基于安康、乌江渡、二滩、白山等水电站泄洪雾化雨强原、模型试验资料，按泄洪方式、消能工体型等对泄洪雾化降雨模型相似比尺进行分类研究，分析了不同分类方式下雨强比尺（Sr）转换关系中指数n（Sr=Lrn）与尺度比尺（Lr）和水流韦伯数（We）的关系。结果表明，泄洪雾化模型雨强与原型雨强的关系并非按同一比尺指数规律变化，指数n的取值与消能工体型、泄洪方式、尺度比尺和水流韦伯数等因素有关。无论表孔、中（深）孔还是泄洪洞泄洪，模型比尺和水流韦伯数越大，雾化模型缩尺效应越小，指数n的取值就越小。

A study of similarity scale classification for flood discharge-induced atomized rainfall model

The physical model test is the main way of studying the problems of the flood discharge-induced atomization, but the model of the flood discharge-induced atomization has obvious scale effect. In order to improve the conversion accuracy of model rainfall intensity and reduce the influences of scale effect of the atomization model, based on the prototype observation and model test data of the flood discharge-induced atomized rainfall intensity of the Ankang, Wujiangdu, Ertan, Baishan and other hydropower stations, the similarity scale of the flood discharge-induced atomized rainfall model is classified according to the flood discharge modes and energy dissipator shapes. The relationships between the index n (Sr=Lrn), geometric scale (Lr) and Weber number (We) are analyzed using different classification methods. The research results show that the relationships between the rainfall intensity given by the flood discharge-inuced atomization model and the prototype rainfall intensity don't change in accordance with the same scale index law. The values of index n are related to the shape of the energy dissipators, flood discharge modes, geometric scales and the flow Weber number. However, the larger the model scale and the flow Weber number are, the smaller the scale effect of the atomization model is, and the smaller the value of index n is whether the flood discharges through the crest outlets, or the mid-level (deep) outlets, or the flood discharging tunnels.