基于降雨情景模拟的城市社区尺度暴雨内涝研究

全球变暖背景下城市暴雨内涝灾害频发，对我国东部沿海城市影响显著。根据暴雨内涝的致灾因子进行分类，基于SWMM（Storm Water Management Model）对宁波地区分别构建了台风和非台风暴雨情景内涝响应模拟模型，并对比分析了台风暴雨内涝和非台风暴雨内涝的特征及其差异。结果表明:（1）台风和非台风暴雨在变化趋势、分布特征和时程分布上差异显著。（2）台风暴雨情景下，河道水位和流量主要受潮位影响，在高潮位时发生倒灌。在非台风暴雨情景下，河道水位和流量主要受降雨影响，并随着重现期的增大而增大。（3）台风和非台风暴雨情景下，研究区发生内涝的子汇水区数量和等级随着重现期的增大而增加，积水区域逐渐连片分布，最多有17个子汇流区发生内涝，占总内涝区域的80%。而在相同重现期的台风暴雨情景下，排水管网负荷率更高、节点洪流更大、内涝更重、积水历时更长、积水深度更深，积水历时超过10.7 h，积水深度超过67 cm。本研究丰富了研究暴雨洪涝的方法，可为社区尺度的内涝研究提供参考。

Study on rainstorm waterlogging on urban community scale based on rainstorm scenario simulation

Under the background of global warming, urban torrential rains and waterlogging disasters frequently occur, especially affecting the eastern coastal cities. According to the classification of the disaster-causing factors of the rainstorm and waterlogging, based on the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model), a typhoon and non-typhoon rain scenario waterlogging response simulation model was constructed in the Ningbo area, and the characteristics of typhoon rain waterlogging and non-typhoon rain waterlogging were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Typhoon and non-typhoon rains have significant differences in change trend, distribution characteristics, and time history distribution. (2) In the typhoon rain scenario, the water level and flow of the river are mainly affected by the tide level, and backflow occurs at the high tide level. In the non-typhoon rain scenario, the river level and flow are mainly affected by rainfall and increase with the increase of the return period. (3) In typhoon and non-typhoon rain scenarios, the number and level of sub-catchments where waterlogging occurs in the study area increase with the increase of the return period, and the water accumulation areas are distributed from scattered to continuous, with a maximum of 17 sub-catchments waterlogging occurring in the area, accounting for 80% of the total waterlogging area. In a typhoon rain scenario with the same return period, the drainage pipe network has a higher load rate, a greater node flood, a heavier waterlogging, a longer duration of water accumulation, reaching more than 10.7 hours and a deeper depth of water accumulation exceeding 67 cm . This study enriches the methods of rainstorm flooding research and provides a reference for community scale waterlogging research.