非通航孔桥墩“拦-防”组合防撞方案应用研究

非通航孔桥墩通常结构设计单薄,即便在采用最新防撞技术情况下,也难以将船撞力减少至桥墩自身抗力可承受的范围以内。为解决这一问题,对国内外最新防船撞技术进行了调研分析,提出"拦-防"组合的非通航孔桥墩防撞方法,即触发旋转式拦截网与柔性防撞圈组合的防撞装置。当失控船舶以一定速度靠近大桥桥墩时,首先被桥梁上游的拦截网拦截,在拦截网被拉断过程中,船舶航速将大幅降低。船舶冲出拦网再撞上桥墩时,防撞装置能及早发挥整体作用,化撞击集中力为分布载荷,以及让船尽早滑离而带走尽量多的剩余动能,以达到有效保护桥梁的目的。计算分析研究表明,该装置防撞护效果良好,造价相对低廉,并且易于实施。设计中只要充分结合桥区河床地形,可避免对环境造成负面影响。

A study of combined anti-collision scheme for protection of non-navigable piers

The structures of the non-navigable spans of bridge piers are usually thin in design, it is difficult to make the vessel collision force decay to an affordable range even with the latest anti-collision technology in the engineering practice. In order to solve this problem, analysis and research of the latest anti-collision technology at home and abroad have been carried out, then a combined interception and anti-collision method for protecting the non-navigable spans of the bridge piers against collision is developed, namely an anti-collision facility combining trigger rotary intercepting network with flexible anti-collision ring which is installed closely to the piers. When the vessel goes out of control and is towards the piers with a certain speed, it must be intercepted firstly by the network placed at the bridge′s upstream. In the process of the network snapped， the speed of the vessel will be greatly reduced. Then the vessel rushs out of the network and collides against the piers, the anti-collision facility would play an integral role as soon as possible so that the intense impact force could be changed into a weaker distributed load, and the vessel turns away as soon as possible, and thus taking away the remaining kinetic energy as much as possible, so it will achieve the purpose of protecting piers effectively. By calculation and analysis, the combined anti-collision facility has good effects and is relatively inexpensive and easy to operate implement. The anti-collision facility can avoid unfavorable impacts on environment if the riverbed topography of the bridge area will be fully taken into account in the further design.