1956-2016年沣河径流量变化特征分析

以沣河流域内秦渡镇水文站1956-2016年实测径流数据为基础,分析年内变化特征;用M-K方法对沣河年际、丰水期、枯水期3个时期的径流量进行了突变分析,再用滑动t检验突变点的可信度。结果表明:沣河年径流量在1956-2016年中整体呈减少趋势,减少率为175.71×10~4m~3/a;径流年内分配在20世纪70、80年代较为集中,主要在7-9月,全年占比达43.87%,2006年以后年内分配较为均匀;沣河年径流量在1982年发生突变;丰水期在1977和1985年各发生1次突变,其中1977年的丰水期径流量全年占比从15.2%增加至64.4%;枯水期在2001年发生1次突变。研究结果可以为沣东、沣西新城的防洪和海绵城市建设以及陕西省斗门水库的正常运行提供参考。

Variation characteristics of Fenghe River runoff from 1956-2016

Based on the measured runoff data from the Qindu County Hydrological Station in the Fenghe River Basin from 1956 to 2016, the annual variation characteristics was analyzed and the abrupt changes of runoff in three periods (interannual, rainy and drought period) were discussed, which were then verified using sliding t test. Results showed that the annual runoff of Fenghe River showed an overall decreasing trend from 1956 to 2016, and the decreasing rate was 1.757 1×10⁶ m³/a. The annual distribution of runoff was more concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s, mainly from July to September, accounting for 43.87%. After 2006, the annual distribution was more homogeneous. An abrupt change of annual runoff occurred in 1982, and that of the runoff in the rainy period occurred in 1977 and 1985, among which the annual proportion of runoff in 1977 increased from 15.2% to 64.4%. In the drought period, the abrupt change appeared in 2001. The results can provide a practical reference for the flood control, sponge city construction of Fengdong and Fengxi New Town and the proper operation of Doumen Reservoir in Shaanxi Province.