基于SWAT的沁河流域水资源生态足迹计算及承载程度分析

水资源生态足迹能够反映人类发展对自然界水资源的压力，明确流域水资源承载状况可为生态环境保护、经济社会发展和水资源科学管理提供决策依据，对推动流域生态文明建设和高质量发展具有重要意义。以沁河流域为例，借助水资源生态足迹模型，利用SWAT模型输出结果计算各子流域水资源生态足迹，并评估沁河流域水资源承载状况。结果表明：2010—2016年沁河流域水资源量多年平均值为6.17×10⁸ m³，主要受到降水量影响；各子流域水资源生态压力指数均大于1，说明沁河流域水资源处于不可承载状态，供需矛盾突出；2010—2016年水资源承载状况虽有所改善，但仍处于不可持续利用状态。研究结果可为沁河流域水资源科学管理提供参考依据，同时为其他流域尺度上的水资源生态足迹计算提供新思路。

Water resources ecological footprint and carrying levels in the Qinhe River Basin based on SWAT

Water resources ecological footprint can reflect the pressure of human development on natural water resources. Clarifying water resources carrying state in the basin can provide decision-making basis for ecological environment protection, economic planning and scientific management of water resources, and it is also beneficial for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and high-quality development in the basin. Taking the Qinhe River Basin as an example, with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model, we calculated the water resources ecological footprint of each sub-basin based on the output of the SWAT model, and then evaluated the water resources carrying state of the basin. The results show that the average water resources in the Qinhe River Basin from 2010 to 2016 was 6.17×10⁸ m³, which was mainly affected by precipitation. The water resources ecological stress index in all sub-basins was in excess of 1, indicating that the water resources in the basin was in an unsupportable state and the conflict of water resources supply and demand was prominent. Although the water resources carrying state had improved from 2010 to 2016, it was still in an unsustainable state. The research results can provide some reference for the scientific management of water resources in the Qinhe River Basin, and provide new ideas for calculating the water resources ecological footprint in other basins.