黄河流域九省（区）人口-水资源-经济-生态环境系统耦合协调发展及障碍因素分析

黄河流域九省（区）人口扩张和经济发展带来一系列资源和环境问题，亟待探究其人口-水资源-经济-生态环境（PWEE）系统耦合协调关系，促进黄河流域高质量发展。针对黄河流域九省（区）构建了PWEE系统耦合协调发展评价指标体系，采用熵权法、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型，对2008—2020年黄河流域九省（区）PWEE系统综合发展水平、耦合协调状态和障碍因素进行分析。结果表明：黄河流域九省（区）PWEE系统及其各子系统综合发展水平呈上升趋势，耦合协调度从2008年的0.56上升至2020年的0.69，由勉强协调进入初级协调阶段，水资源子系统一直是影响九省（区）PWEE系统协调发展的限制因素，其平均障碍度从2008年的49.05%增加至2020年的55.48%，人均水资源量为主要障碍因子。

Coupling coordination development of PWEE system and obstacle factors in nine provinces/regions of the Yellow River Basin

Population expansion and economic development have brought a series of resource-related and environmental problems, there is an urgent need to explore the coupling coordinated relationship of population-water resources-economy-ecological environment (PWEE) system in nine provinces/regions of the Yellow River Basin to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. In this study, an evaluation index system of PWEE system coupling coordinated development in the nine provinces/regions was constructed. Entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model were used to analyze the comprehensive development level, coupling coordination state and obstacle factors of the PWEE system in the study area from 2008 to 2020. The results revealed that during the study period, the comprehensive development level of the PWEE system and its subsystems was on an upward trend, and the coupling coordinated degree increased from 0.56 in 2008 to 0.69 in 2020. The coupling coordination effect was strengthening, and as a whole the coupling coordination level of the nine provinces/regions changed from quasi coordination to primary coordination. The water resource subsystem had always been the limiting factor affecting the coordinated development of the PWEE system in the nine provinces/regions, whose average obstacle degree increased from 49.05% in 2008 to 55.48% in 2020, with per capita water resources as the main obstacle factor.