淮河流域主要农作物水足迹时空演变及影响因素分析

探讨淮河流域主要农作物水足迹，可以为地区农业用水结构及改善水资源短缺问题提供理论依据。以淮河流域5个省份主要农作物为研究对象，计算分析了2000-2017年小麦、稻谷、玉米、大豆、油料的蓝、绿、灰水足迹时空变化特征，并采用通径分析方法探究影响农作物生产水足迹的因素。结果表明：大豆的水足迹最大，水足迹大小与作物单位面积产量呈负相关；年际变化方面，小麦、稻谷、玉米、油料总水足迹整体呈减小趋势，大豆总水足迹表现出波动增加的趋势；空间分布方面，安徽、河南省的总水足迹居于前位，且水足迹的空间分布存在一定的聚集性，总体上中间高四周低；此外，对淮河流域农作物水足迹影响最大的因素是氮肥施用量、平均气温和年降雨量。

Spatial and temporal evolution of water footprints of main crops in Huaihe River Basin and analysis of influencing factors

The water footprints of main crops in Huaihe River Basin were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of regional agricultural water use structure and water shortage. Taking the main crops in the five provinces of the Huaihe River Basin as the research objects, the spatial and temporal changes of the blue, green and gray water footprints of wheat, rice, maize, soybean and oil plants from 2000 to 2017 were calculated and analyzed, and the influencing factors of crop water footprints were explored using path analysis. The results show that the soybean had the largest annual average water footprint,and crop water footprints were negatively correlated with the yield per unit. In terms of inter-annual variability, the total water footprint of wheat, rice, maize, and oil plants generally showed a decreasing trend, whereas that of soybean showed a trend of fluctuated increase. As to the spatial distribution, the total water footprints in Anhui Province and Henan Province were the largest, the spatial distribution of the water footprint showed a certain degree of aggregation, which was generally high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas. In addition, the factors that had the greatest impact on the water footprint of crops in the Huai River Basin were the application amount of nitrogen fertilizers, average temperature and annual rainfall.