胶东地区跨流域调水优化配置研究

胶东地区是严重缺水地区,近年来随着城市人口不断增长,工农业生产和经济快速发展,缺水问题越来越突出。以胶东地区缺水较为严重的潍坊、青岛、烟台、威海四个地市为研究区域,结合引黄济青工程和南水北调东线工程实施跨流域调水,缓解供需矛盾,以2020年和2025年为规划水平年,基于水量平衡分析,构建以缺水量最小和调水工程效益最大为目标的多水源多目标优化配置模型,确定调引不同水源(黄河水,黄河水和长江水)时的水资源优化配置方案。配置结果表明:只调引黄河水,受水区不同规划年的缺水量分别降低14%~83%、10%~31%;同时调引黄河水和长江水,受水区不同规划年的缺水量分别降低28%~81%、19%~53%。可见优化配置方案可以有效缓解胶东地区水资源紧缺状况和供需水矛盾,为胶东地区的可持续发展奠定基础。

Study on optimal allocation of inter-basin water transfer project in Jiaodong area

The shortage of water resources in Jiaodong area is becoming increasingly serious with the expansion of urban population and the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and economy in recent years. The four cities with serious water shortage in Jiaodong area ( Weifang, Qingdao, Yantai, and Weihai) were taken as the study areas. Inter-basin water transfer was implemented based on the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the project of water diversion from Yellow River to Qingdao so as to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand. The years of 2020 and 2025 were taken as the planning years. According to the water balance analysis, we built a multi-water source, multi-objective optimal allocation model that aimed for minimum water shortage and maximum benefits of the water transfer projects, and we determined the optimal allocation scheme for different water sources ( Yellow River, Yellow River and Yangtze River) . Results showed that when water was transferred from Yellow River a lone, the water shortage in the water-receiving area would decrease by 14%-83% and 10%-31% respectively in different planning years; when water was transferred from both Yellow River and Yangtze River, the water shortage in the water-receiving area would decrease by 28%-81% and 19%-53% respectively in different planning years. The optimal allocation scheme can effectively alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand and alleviate the shortage of water resources in Jiaodong area, and thus lay the foundation for sustainable development in Jiaodong area.