基于单位象元尺度的黑龙港流域农用地下水资源供需分析

水资源匮乏和土地资源相对贫瘠是黑龙港流域最为严重的资源环境问题,基于对研究区遥感图像进行监督分类后得到的农业种植结构的分析,并运用作物缺水量和地下水资源供需短缺量、供需比的计算模型,开展了单位象元尺度的农业水资源供需平衡研究。结果表明,研究区冬小麦、水果和蔬菜分布较多的区域缺水最为严重,缺水量2 400m3/hm2以上的达到1.45万km2,占总面积的42.2%。据此,提出了区域水土资源优化配置方案,即在水资源短缺、土壤盐渍化或沙化地区,以种植耐干旱和耐盐咸的作物为主;在水资源丰沛、土壤有机质含量高和保蓄能力强的地区,以种植对水土资源要求高的作物为主。

Supply and Demand Analysis on Agricultural Groundwater Resources Based on Unit Pixel Scale in the Heilonggang River Basin

The shortage of water resources and the infertility of land resources are the most serious resources and environment problems in the Heilonggang river basin.Based on the analysis of the agricultural planting structure in the study area after the remote sensing image classification and the application of the calculation model of the shortage of crop water demand,the shortage of the supply and demand of groundwater resources,and the ratio of the supply and demand of groundwater resources,the supply and demand balance of the regional agricultural groundwater resources based on the unit pixel was studied.The results showed that water shortage is the most serious in the areas with the wide distribution of winter wheat,fruits,and vegetables,and the area can reach more than 14500 km2 for the water shortage of 2400 m3/hm2,which accounts for 42.2% of the total area.The supply and demand scheme in consideration of the planting structure and comprehensive quality of soil and water resources as well as space distribution law was proposed as follows:in the areas with deficient water resources and soil salinization and desertification,the drought-resistant and salinity-resistant crops are planted;whereas in the areas with abundant water resources,high content of soil organic matter,and high retention capability,the crops dependent on high demand of water resources are planted.