近千年淮河流域河湖水系连通演变特征

分析了近千年淮河流域河湖水系的自然演变以及人类活动的扰动,深入探讨了其成因。研究表明:目前淮河流域河湖水系连通格局是人类在抵御黄河洪水和泥沙入侵的抗争中,遵循自然规律的同时兼顾漕运、灌溉等社会发展所需而构建的防洪、排涝、冲沙、灌溉、供水等的工程体系。流域主要干支流和湖泊连通基本受人工所控,自然-人工河网交织,河流-湖泊水量交换频繁,入江入海水道基本畅通,并与黄河、长江、海河等各大水系连通,基本解决了河水出海无路,洪涝灾害频发的问题。河湖水系连通在一定时期内对稳定淮河流域社会安定团结、推动经济发展起着积极作用,但也不可避免地对流域生态环境产生了一定的负面影响。水系连通下流域水资源演变规律、环境生态效应以及对社会经济布局的影响等研究是亟待解决的关键科学问题。

Evolution of interconnected river and lake networks in the Huai River Basin over the last millennium

In this study, the natural evolution and human disturbance of interconnected river system networks in the nearly one the thousand years in Huai River Basin were analyzed, and the causes were discussed. Furthermore, some urgent resolved scientific questions were proposed. The results showed that: the current interconnected river system was the integrated flooding control, drainage, irrigation, and water supply system which was formed during the long-term struggling against the flooding and sediment of Yellow River. It obeyed the natural rules and considered the development of soc-economy. The main rivers and tributaries were regulated by human activites, the natural-artificial river networks were anastomatic, the water exchange between rivers and lakes was frequent, and the sea-entryway and Yangtze-entryway was straightway, the river systems were interconnected with Yellow River, Yangtze River and Hai River. The interconnected river system networks pattern resolved the problems that the flooding had no way to sea and the floods happened frequently. The river system networks promoted the economy development and the society unity in Huai River Basin, but also brought a certain negative impact on ecosystem and environment. The studies on the water resource variation, the eco-environmental and soc-economic pattern influences under the impact of interconnected river system were some urgent resolved scientific questions in current interconnected river system networks.