河冰水力学研究进展

近几十年来，随着经济的发展，河流冰情灾害引起的损失越来越大，因此很多专家、学者投入到河冰问题的研究，使得河冰水力学得到了很大的发展。分别从天然河道、水库、人工输水渠道等原型观测研究，新型冰情观测仪器的研发和使用，冰塞演变机理、冰盖下的流速分布和泥沙输移等实验研究，冬季河道冰情发展演变过程、冰塞的形成、冰塞溃决时的洪水波等河冰动力学数值模拟研究，以及基于神经网络技术的冰情预报等方面，综述了国内外学者在冰情研究中最新的研究进展，重点介绍了其中一些具有代表性的成果，并对目前河冰工程研究中仍未解决的问题和以后需要进行的工作进行了尝试性地分析。

Progress in the Study of River Ice Hydraulics

With the development of economic, the loss caused by river ice disaster is more and more in the past decades. So many experts wade into the research of the river ice engineering, which promote the development of river ice hydraulics rapidly. This paper discusses the existing research situations which is representative. These achievements include prototype observation research of natural river, reservoir and artificial water transfers canal; new instruments research of ice regime observation; experimental research of ice jam formation, velocity distribution and sands transport under ice cover; numerical simulation research of river ice processes, ice jam formation and breakup; neural networks research of river ice forecast and et al. And try to put forward some unsolved problems and suggestions for the development of river ice hydraulics.