冰期输水研究进展

高纬度寒冷地区的河流在冬季结冰是一种普遍现象。冰块堆积，堵塞和聚集形成的冰坝、冰盖和冰塞会导敛河道阻力增加，致使卜游水位上涨，并可能造成冰期洪水，建筑物破坏，航运不畅等危害。研究河冰形成和演变规律，寻求相出的解决办法保证冰期安全输水成为许多国家关心的重要问题。国内外一些学者通过原型观测，试验和数值模拟的方法对水内冰，岸冰，底冰，冰盖和冰塞的生成和演变，封冻河道的阻力、过流能力和水位变化等有关问题进行『，研究。前苏联，加拿大，北欧等国家和地区结合河冰研究的成果，在引水工程中采取各种有效措施，达到了冬季安全引水的目的，积累了许多有价值的经验。由于河冰问题的复杂性，已有的理论成果和工程经验还很不完善．需要进一步的研究。本文对上述河冰问题的研究成果以及冰期输水的一些工程经验作简单介绍。

The Relational Research and Experience of Water Transfer during Freezing Period

The phenomenon that rivers freeze in high latitude and cold regions is universal, lee dam, ice cover and ice jam, which are forraed by stack, jammed and eolleelive ice, can increase river resistance and water stage, resulting in flood, construction damage and navigation problems. In order to find out safe methods for water transfer during freezing period, studying the formation and developmenl regularity of the river ice has been concerned on by many ccmntries. Some researchers have made study on this subject, such as the generation and evolution of frazil ice, shore ice, bottom ice. iee cover and ice jam, the resistance of freeze up river, flow capacity and variation of water stage. On the base of the river ice study, the former USSR, Canada, north Europe lake some effective measures to transfer water safely on their water transfer projects, and These countries have accumulated a few valuable experience. P, ecause of the complication in river ice study, the theory and prcgject experience of this subject are not perfect, and need further research. This paper introduces the river ice study and proiect experience during freezing period men tioned above.