土石坝和堰塞坝溃决机理与溃坝数学模型研究进展

土石坝溃坝机理与溃坝数学模型研究对于预测溃坝洪水致灾过程和致灾后果具有重要的意义。为此,概要介绍了国内外在土石坝溃决机理与溃坝过程数学模型方面的研究进展,特别是笔者研究团队近年来在该领域的最新研究成果,表明以笔者研究团队为代表的国内专家学者,在高土石坝溃坝离心模型试验技术,高心墙坝、面板坝及堰塞坝溃决机理和溃坝过程模拟理论研究方面走在了世界前列。但在土石坝溃坝过程模拟计算机软件的通用性以及溃坝致灾过程的可视化技术方面与欧美国家相比,仍有相当大的差距。建议今后应加大精细模拟高心墙坝、高面板坝溃坝过程数学模型的研究力度,注重可视化技术在溃坝过程模拟中的应用,加快研制通用性友好,能精细模拟土石坝溃坝及其致灾过程的可视化计算机软件。

Progresses of studies on failure mechanism and numerical dam failure model of earth-rockfill dam and landslide dam

The studies on the failure mechanism and numerical dam failure model of earth-rockfill dam have important significance for predicting the process of dam failure-caused flood disaster and the disaster-causing consequence. Therefore，the study progresses in the aspects of dam failure mechanism and numerical dam failure model of earth-rockfill dam at home and abroad are briefly introduced herein，especially the latest study achievements obtained by the author’s study group in recent years，which indicate that the experts and scholars represented by the author’s study group walk in the forefront of the world in the aspects of the technique of centrifugal model test for failure of high earth-rockfill dam，the dam failure mechanisms and dam failure process simulating theory of high dam with core-wall，concrete face rockfill dam as well as landslide dam. However，if compared with the countries in Europe and America，considerable gaps are still there in the aspects of the universality of the computer software for simulating the failure process of earth-rockfill dam and the visualization technique of dam failure-caused disaster process. It is suggested that more efforts are necessary to be made in the aspects of the study on the numerical model for finely simulating the dam failure processes of high dam with core-wall and concrete face rockfill dam in the days to come，while more attention are paid to the application of visualization technique to the simulation of dam failure process. Meanwhile，the study and development of the computer visualization software with universal friendliness for finely simulating the dam failure and the failure-caused disaster processes are necessary to be sped up as well.