辽河保护区铁岭段河流健康综合评价研究

为了明确辽河保护区铁岭段河流的健康状况,针对河流存在的问题提出具体的治理和维护建议,以促进河流健康发展。基于河流健康内涵和辽河保护区铁岭段河流的具体情况,构建了自然形态状况、水质状况、底泥状况、水生生物及生态环境状况和社会服务状况5个准则层和23个指标层组成的河流健康评价体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)确定河流健康体系中的准则层和指标层的权重,模糊综合评价法对辽河保护区铁岭段河流进行健康评价。结果表明:辽河保护区铁岭段河流的综合健康状况为中等。其中,自然形态健康状况为中等,水质健康状况为优,底泥健康状况为优,水生生物及生态环境健康状况为良好,社会服务健康状况为中等。河流存在水质指标污染物超标排放、底泥中Cd潜在生态风险很高、植被覆盖率低、湿地保留率低和水资源利用效率不高等问题,表明还需要实施具体措施以提高辽河保护区铁岭段河流健康水平。

Comprehensive evaluation of river health of Liaohe Nature Ｒeserve in Tieling section

In order to clarify the health status of the rivers in the Tieling section of the Liaohe Nature Ｒeserve，specific governance and maintenance recommendations are proposed for the problems existing in the rivers to promote the development of river health in a better direction. Based on the connotation of river health and the specific conditions of the rivers in the Tieling section of the Liaohe Nature Ｒeserve，a health evaluation system of the river，which is composed of 5 rule layers ( natural morphology， water quality，sediment status，aquatic organism and ecological environment and social service status) and 23 specific indexes are developed. The analytic hierarchy process ( AHP) is used to calculate the weight of the rule layer and indicator layers. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the health status of rivers in Liaohe Nature Ｒeserve. The result shows that the comprehensive health status of the rivers in the study area is moderate. The health status of the natural forms，water quality，sediment，aquatic organisms and the ecological environment，and social service is moderate，excellent，excellent，good and moderate respectively. There are problems such as excessive discharge of the pollutions，high potential ecological risk of Cd in sediments，low vegetation coverage，low wetland retention rate and low water use efficiency in rivers，which indicate that a series of measures are needed to improve the health level of the Liaohe Ｒiver in Tieling section.