水电项目水土保持生态效应评价研究

水电项目水土保持生态效应评价研究对于科学辨识水土保持措施效果具有重要的意义。首先,构建了水电项目建成后水土保持生态效应评价指标体系,评价指标全面体现水土保持调水效益、保土效益和植被恢复3大核心效益。然后,采用层次分析法、线性加权求和法建立了评价模型,对水布垭水利枢纽水土保持生态效应进行了计算。研究结果表明,采取水土保持措施后的生态效应值为0.608 6,高于采取措施前的0.529 9,水土保持措施对因施工造成的水土流失、生态破坏具有明显的改善作用。林草植被恢复率、土壤流失控制比、水土流失总治理度、林草覆盖率指标是水土保持生态效应的主要影响因子。弃渣场、取料场对水电项目水土保持生态效应影响显著,应与主体工程一样同时治理、同时运行。研究所构建的评价指标体系对水利、水电项目水土保持生态效应评价具有一定的参考价值。

Study on evaluation of ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project

The evaluation of ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project has an important significance for scientifically distinguishing the effects of the soil and water conservation measures. At first， the index system for evaluation on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation after the completion of hydropower project is established; from which the three core benefits from the soil and water conservation， i.e. water transfer benefit， soil conserving benefit and vegetation restoration benefit are fully reflected. Afterwards， the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of Shuibuya Water Control Project is calculated by establishing the evaluation model with the AHP and linear weighted sum method. The study result shows that the value of the ecological effect after the adoption of the soil and water conservation measures is 0.608 6， which is higher than 0.529 9 obtained before the adoption of the measures， thus the soil and water conservation measures have obvious improving effects on the water and soil loss and the ecological damages caused by the relevant construction. The recovery rate of vegetation， control ratio of water and soil loss， the total control degree of water and soil loss and the percentage of the forestry and grass coverage are the major factors of the impacts on the ecological effects from soil and water conservation. Meanwhile， the impacts from the spoil yard and borrow area on the ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project are quite significant， and then they must be simultaneously controlled and operated with the main project. The evaluation index system established in this study has a certain referential value for the evaluation to be made on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of water conservancy and hydropower project.