软岩与水相互作用研究综述

软岩是一类松散、破碎、软弱及风化膨胀性的强度较低的岩石,在水环境作用下软岩易产生大变形失稳破坏。大多数岩土工程事故都涉及到软岩与水的相互作用,研究软岩与水相互作用对于分析某些由软岩失稳引起的工程事故具有重要的理论和现实意义。针对软岩与水相互作用这一问题,从软岩与水相互作用的分类、软岩吸水特性的影响因素及其软岩吸水失稳机理等方面,对国内外具有代表性的研究成果进行了梳理。结果表明:软岩与水相互作用可分为力学作用、物理作用和化学作用。在各种影响软岩吸水特性的因素中,主要因素是黏土矿物的含量和种类、孔隙结构,其他影响因素有水压变化、软岩的干湿循环次数、软岩的块体尺度(尺度效应)和吸水时间等。软岩吸水失稳的根本原因是吸水后黏土矿物微观结构发生变化,而是否含蒙脱石等吸水性极强的黏土矿物并非直接原因;后者只是对软岩吸水过程起到促进作用。

Review on study of interaction between soft rock and water

Soft rock is a type of loose，broken，weak and weathering expansive lowstrength rock. In the water environment， soft rock is easy to produce large deformation and instability. Aiming at the problem of the interaction between soft rock and water， the representative study achievements at home and abroad are sorted out herein from the aspects of the classification of the interactions between soft rock and water， the impacting factors of the water absorption behaviors of soft rock， the instability mechanism of soft rock after water absorption，etc. the result shows that the interaction between soft rock and water can be divided into mechanical effect，physical effect and chemical effect. Among all the factors to impact the water absorption behavior of soft rock， the major factors are the content and type of clay mineral and pore structure，while the other impacting factors are variation of water pressure，number of dry-wet cycles，block size of soft rock (scale effect)，water absorption time，etc. The fundamental cause of soft rock instability is the variation of the microstructure of clay mineral after water absorption，and then whether soft rock contains the clay minerals with high water absorption behavior，such as montmorillonite，etc. ，or not is not the direct cause，which only plays a promoting role during the water absorption of soft rock.