基于R-ET融合的黄河流域水资源管理和调控案例研究

针对目前黄河流域存在的实际引黄耗水总量超过年度分水指标、地下水超采等问题,分析其原因在于水资源管理主要侧重于供水管理,调控的是取水量,忽视了水资源在使用过程中的循环转化与消耗,因此提出基于R-ET(Runoff-Evapotranspiration/径流—土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量)融合的新型水资源管理模式,以"耗水"管理替代"取水"管理,控制区域ET从而实现真实节水。以黄河流域兰州至头道拐区间为研究实例,通过分析各分项ET(Evapotranspiration/土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量)调控的可行性,提出了4种节水方案,可使引黄水量从无节水的98.6亿m3减少至42.96亿m3,从而达到了降低该区域实际耗水量的目的。该管理模式有利于完善黄河流域的水资源管理体系,为黄河的健康可持续发展奠定基础。

R-ET integration based study on case of water resources management and control of Yellow River Basin

Aiming at the problems of the total water consumption from the actual diversion of the Yellow River exceeding that of the annual water allocation index and the overdraft of groundwater within the Yellow River Basin，the causations，through the relevant analysis，are such that the water resources management mainly focus on the management of water supply with the regulation and control made only on the amount of water-intake，while the circular-transformation and consumption of water during the utilization are often ignored. Therefore，a R-ET（Runoff-Evapotranspiration）integration based new water resources management mode is put forward herein，i.e. by replacing the management of “water consumption” with that of the “water intake” to control the regional ET，thus realize the true water-saving through analysis made on the feasibility of regulating all the sub-ETs. By taking the interval of the river-reach from Lanzhou to Toudaoguai in the Yellow River Basin as an actual study case，four water-saving schemes are proposed; with which the water diversion therein from the Yellow River can be reduced from 98.6×108 m3 （without water-saving）to 42.96×108m3 and then get the target of decreasing the actual water consumption within the region. This management mode is favorable to improve the water resources management system of the Yellow River Basin and lays a basis for the healthy and sustainable development of the river.