河道整治中的生态环境问题与生态协调的河道整治

以维护河流生态环境、使河道整治与河流生态需求相协调为目标,以分析河流形态与生态系统的关系为重点,研究滩、槽边界改变对河流生境产生的影响、传统河道整治对河床演变的干扰及对河流生物多样性的胁迫。探讨了基于生态协调的河道整治原则、整治理念、综合整治模式,提出现代河道整治规划应考虑河流系统的生态平衡需求,掌控对河道边界干扰的"适宜度",同时采用生态工程措施。两个典型治理案例表明,基于生态协调的河道整治理念与方法,采用透水生态型护坡、在河漫滩建设湿地保护区、在河道水陆交错带设置过渡缓冲区、沿河道两岸建立绿色廊道景观等措施,使治理河段的辛普森多样性指数、河流结构和功能评价值均有明显改善。新型生态工程材料具有良好的生态恢复能力、结构柔性及整体稳定性,是实现生态协调河道整治的重要技术基础。

Ecology environment in river harness and the river harness based on ecology coordinate

In order to maintain the ecological environment of rivers and coordinate river harness with demands to river ecology， the relationship between river morphology and river ecosystem， as a priority， has been analyzed. Some important cases have also been analyzed such as the influence on river ecological environment caused by change of channel or washland， the disturbance to river alluvial process and coercion on river biodiversity due to traditional river training. The river training principles， regulation idea， comprehensive improvement model and methods have been discussed based on the ecological harmony. The plans put forward for modern training river should be given to meet the demand of river ecosystem balance. It means that interference to the river boundary should be controlled with “moderate”， and eco-engineering measures must be adopted. Two typical cases show that by adopting the new training ideal and method based on ecological harmony， Simpson biodiversity index and assessing value for river structure and function have been obviously improved in the rivers， where pervious ecological revetment has been used，marsh protecting region has been set up in the river washland， ecological transition region has been designed between water and land， and green way as well as some landscape measures have been built along the rivers two sides.The new ecological engineering material has good ability for ecological restoration， good flexibility and overall stability of structure， which is the main technical support for river ecological harmony.