基于旱涝急转的大豆生长发育响应规律分析

为分析大豆生长发育和产量对旱涝急转交互作用的响应规律，开展了花荚期和鼓粒成熟期单涝（渍）、单旱和旱涝急转等不同水分处理的对比试验。分析了不同水分处理下大豆叶片叶绿素、植株高度的变化响应规律及最终产量损失规律，分析了旱涝交互作用对其生长发育的影响效应，初步揭示了基于旱涝急转的大豆灾损规律。结果表明：花荚期和鼓粒期旱涝急转对于大豆生长发育的抑制作用和最终导致的灾损幅度要明显大于单涝（渍）、单旱组；旱涝急转与单涝（渍）、单旱相比，对大豆生长发育和产量形成造成的胁迫有明显的联合削减效应；大豆实荚数的减少是花荚期水分胁迫造成灾损的主要因素，而鼓粒期水分胁迫导致大豆实荚数减少、百粒重降低从而共同造成产量减产；与鼓粒期相比，花荚期的生长发育对水分胁迫更为敏感。实际农业生产中，如大豆花荚期和鼓粒期前期已发生干旱事件，则应尽量避免后期再发生涝渍事件。本研究可为探究淮北平原区大豆旱涝急转灾损机理，制定适宜的面向旱涝急转的区域防灾、减灾措施提供基础数据支撑。

Analysis on response law of soybean growth and development based on drought-flood abrupt alternation

In order to reveal the response law of soybean growth and yield to the interaction of drought-flood abrupt transition, comparative experiments of different water treatments such as single-flood, single-drought, and drought-flood abrupt transition were carried out at the flowering-podding stage and ripening stage. The change response law of soybean leaf chlorophyll and plant height and the law of final yield loss under different water treatments were analyzed, and the effect of drought-flood interaction on growth and development was analyzed, and the law of soybean disaster damage under drought-flood abrupt change was preliminarily revealed. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of drought-flood abrupt change on soybean growth and development and the resulting yield reduction at the flowering-podding stage and seed drum stage were significantly greater than those in the singleflood and single-drought groups; compared with the single-flood and single-drought groups, the stress caused by soybean growth and development and yield formation has obvious combined reduction effect; the reduction of soybean pod number is the main factor of yield reduction caused by water stress at flowering-podding stage, while water stress at seed drum stage leads to reduction of soybean pod number and weight of 100 seeds. Compared with the drum stage, the growth and development of the floweringpodding stage were more sensitive to water stress. In actual agricultural production, if drought events have occurred in the early stage of soybean flower pod stage and seed drum stage, waterlogging events should be avoided as much as possible in the later stage. The research results can provide basic data support for exploring the disaster damage mechanism of soybeans in the Huaibei Plain, and formulating reasonable regional disaster prevention and mitigation measures for drought-flood abrupt alternation.