Irrigation, Productivity and Poverty Linkages in Irrigation Systems in Java, Indonesia |
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Authors: | Intizar Hussain Deeptha Wijerathna Sigit S Arif Murtiningrum Agnes Mawarni Suparmi |
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Affiliation: | (1) International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka |
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Abstract: | This paper analyzes irrigation-poverty linkages, and determines how and to what extent irrigation contributes to poverty alleviation,
and whether there are any spatial patterns in poverty in irrigation systems. It also identifies conditions under which irrigation
has greater anti-poverty impacts. The analysis is based on primary data collected during the 2000--2001 agricultural year,
from four selected irrigation systems and rainfed areas in Java. The results indicate that irrigation has significant poverty
reducing impacts. Poverty varies across irrigation systems and across locations within the systems. In general, crop productivity
is relatively higher and poverty is lower in middle parts of the systems compared to head and tail parts. Further, locational
differences in poverty are more pronounced in larger systems where locational inequities in water distribution and productivity
differences are also high. Crop productivity, the size of landholdings and location of households are important determinants
of poverty, in addition to demographic factors such as family size. The smaller the systems with well managed infrastructure,
relatively equitable water distribution and diversified cropping patterns supported with market infrastructure, the greater
the poverty reducing impacts of irrigation. Overall, the study findings suggest that improving the performance of irrigation
systems by enhancing land and water productivity, diversifying cropping patterns and improving water distribution across locations
would help reduce poverty in presently low productivity-high poverty parts of the systems. |
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Keywords: | Irrigation performance Indonesia Java crop productivity Poverty Diversification land holdings cropping pattern head-tail inequity |
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