制氢技术现状及展望

矿物燃料制氢是主要的制氢方法，其中以天然气蒸汽转化制氢的成本最低。重油部分氧化和煤气化曾经是制氢的重要方法，由于生产成本较高其发展有所减缓。这三种制氢过程制得合成气后还要经过变换完成进一步制氢，最后脱除CO2得到较纯的氢气，过程复杂。随着燃料电池的商业化进程的日益加快，低成本的、不含或少含CO的制氢技术受到广泛关注，其中铁蒸汽法和甲烷催化裂解法制得的氢气不含CO和CO2，过程得到简化。显然，矿物燃料制氢要向大气排放大量的温室气体，对环境不利。水电解制氢是较理想的制氢方法，不产生温室气体，但生产成本较高。因此水电解制氢适合电力资源如水电、风能、地热能、潮汐能以及核能比较丰富的地区。其他制氢技术如热化学制氢、太阳能制氢、生物质制氢以及等离子体制氢也在开发之中，相信是矿物燃料制氢与水电解制氢的有效补充。

Review on the Production of Hydgoren

Hydrogen production from fossil fuel is the major processes in which steam reforming of natural gas is one of the most economic processes.Also the partial oxidation of heavy oil and coal gasification all even were important proceses for hydrogen,but their development has being reduced recently because of their process costs.The above there processes are composed of the following three steps:first syngas production,secondly CO shift reaction for further hydrogen production and finally CO 2 separation from hydrogen.So these processes are very complicated.With the commercial time of fuel cell,hydrogen production at low cost and CO free is attacted to more intensively attentions around the world.Therefore iron-steam and catalytic decomposition of methane may meet the needs for low temperature fuel cell.In other words,hydrogen production from the former three fossil fuels must lead to large amoung of CO 2 emission to the air destroying our surrounding Electrolysis of water may be an ideal process for hydrogen that does not produce green house gases such as CO 2.But its cost is too high.It is a good alterative for those places of rich power resources such as hydropower,wind energy,ground thermal energy,tide energy and nuclear energy.Beside the above processes for hydrogen production,there are some other methods such as thermochemistry,solar photochemistry,biomass for hydrogen and plasma chemistry which are in the developing state.We hope that these new processes will be compensating for the conversional ones.