| Abstract: | Understanding the effects of material and processing parameters on the thermoforming process is critical to the optimization of processing conditions and the development of better materials for high quality products. In this study we investigated the influence of initial temperature distribution over the sheet on the part thickness distribution of a vacuum snap‐back forming process. The linear viscoelastic properties along with the Wagner two parameter nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model were utilized for numerical simulation of the thermoforming operation. Simulations of pre‐stretched vacuum thermoforming with a relatively complex mold for a commercial refrigerator liner were conducted. THe effects of temperature distribution over the sheet on the part thickness distribution were determined to examine process sensitivity and optimization. Effects of the temperature distribution on the material rheology and polymer/mold friction coefficient are primarily responsible for the changes in the thickness distribution. We found that even small temperature differences over the sheet greatly influenced bubble shape and pole position during the bubble growth stage and played a critical role in determining the part thickness distribution. These results are discussed in terms of rheological properties of polymers such as elongational viscosity and strain hardening. |
