Effect of steel slag on 3D concrete printing of geopolymer with quaternary binders |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China;2. Smart Infrastructure Research Institute, China;3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Prefabricated Building and Intelligent Construction, 300401, China;4. Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia |
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Abstract: | A new type of 3D-printable ‘one-part’ geopolymer was synthesized with fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag (SS) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD). The effects of SS content (0–40%) on the rheological properties, 3D-printability, mechanical anisotropy and reaction kinetics of geopolymer were investigated. The yield stress and plastic viscosity monotonically decreased with the increasing SS content. Contrarily, the geopolymer with 10% of SS presented better extrudability, buildability and mechanical strength than those with 0, 20%, 30% and 40% of SS. This was mainly attributed to the conflicting influence of SS on geopolymerization, of which the OH? produced by hydration of SS raised the alkalinity of the reaction system and accelerated the dissolution of SiO44? and AlO45?, while the low reactivity prohibited the following polymerization process. Furthermore, the 3D-printed geopolymer presented more compact microstructure and less mechanical anisotropy thanks to the crosslinking of morphologically complementary products, including N(C)-A-S-H, C–S–H, AFt and CH, formed via synergistic reaction of FA-GBFS-SS-FGD system. |
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Keywords: | Steel slag 3D concrete printing Geopolymer Rheology Synergistic reaction |
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