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Magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic BiFeO3 by co-doping with strontium and nickel
Authors:F Pedro-García  LG Betancourt-Cantera  AM Bolarín-Miró  CA Cortés-Escobedo  A Barba-Pingarrón  F Sánchez-De Jesús
Affiliation:1. Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico;2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, 02250, Ciudad de México, Mexico;3. Centro de Ingeniería de Superficies y Acabados (CENISA), Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Abstract:We report the effects of the Sr2+ and Ni2+ co-doping of BiFeO3 on the crystal structure and multiferroic properties of Bi1?xSrxFe1-yNiyO3 (x?=?0.05, 0.0?≤?y?≤?0.10, and Δy?=?0.05) that is synthesized using assisted high-energy ball milling. The mixtures of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, SrO and NiO were milled for 5?h, pressed at 900?MPa, and sintered at 800?°C in order to obtain cylindrical test pieces. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement elucidated the effects of Sr2+ and Ni2+ on the crystal structure. Co-doping with Sr/>Ni in suitable proportions stabilizes rhombohedral BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. High contents of Ni<sup>2+</sup> promote the precipitation of secondary phases in the forms of NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Bi<sub>25</sub>FeO<sub>40</sub>. The magnetic behavior was examined by means of vibrating sample magnetometry. The results showed a change in the magnetic order from antiferromagnetic for the undoped sample to the ferromagnetic order for the co-doped samples. This change is attributed to the modulations in the magnetic moment due to crystal structure distortions. All samples show high relative permittivity values, which were enhanced by doping with Sr<sup>2+</sup>. Ni<sup>2+</sup> cations increase the dielectric dissipation factor; this enhancement is related to their interactions with cations of a different oxidation state, such as Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Bi<sup>3+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> in the crystal structure of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. The magnetoelectric coupling that was evaluated using magnetodielectric measurements was above 4% at 1?kHz for the higher applied magnetic field of 18?kOe.</td>
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Keywords:Magnetodielectric coupling  High-energy ball milling  Multiferroic
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