水合物利用技术应用进展

过去的几十年中，对于水合物的研究不单单集中在抑制天然气水合物的生成上，基于水合物的生成利用技术也得到了广泛的研究。基于水合物的生成利用技术是环保和可持续的新技术，利用不同气体生成水合物相平衡条件的差异，可用于气体分离、置换开采。由于水合物具有较高的气体浓度，可用于气体的存储。利用水合物较高的化解潜热，可将其用于蓄冷。本文综述了国内外水合物技术的研究应用现状，分析了水合物技术在气体分离与存储、溶液浓缩分离、蓄冷、二氧化碳（CO₂）置换开采等领域有前景的研究方向。但是其水合反应速率慢、生成压力高、后期分离困难，极大地限制了水合物利用技术的工业应用。展望了水合物技术未来的研究发展方向，开发安全、高效和环保的水合物促进剂，开发高效水合物反应设备，开发连续水合物工艺，以便早日实现工业应用。

Research progresses in hydrate based technologies and processes

In the past few decades, research on hydrates has not only focused on inhibiting the formation of natural gas hydrates. Utilization technologies based on hydrate formation have also been extensively studied. Hydrate-based utilization technology is a new environmentally-friendly and sustainable technology. It can be used for gas separation and replacement by taking advantage of the differences in the equilibrium conditions. Due to high storage capacity, it can be used for gas storage. With high latent heat, it can be used for cold storage. The current status of application of hydrate technology was summarized, and the promising research directions of hydrate technology in the fields of gas separation and storage, solution concentration, cold storage, and replacement was analyzed. However, the slow hydration reaction rate, high generation pressure, and difficulty in separation at a later stage have greatly limited the industrial application of hydrate utilization technology. The future research and development directions of hydrate technology were prospected, including the development of safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly hydrate promoters, the development of high-efficiency hydrate reaction equipment, the development of continuous hydrate processes, and the conduct of a large number of pilot experiments.