水溶性聚磷酸铵的制备及应用研究进展

水溶性聚磷酸铵（APP）是一种含氮、磷的新型肥料，具有溶解性好、兼容性强、结晶温度低、螯合性能好等优点，施用于土壤中能有效提高土壤中有效磷的含量，减少土壤对磷的固定，提高磷的利用率。本文介绍了国内外生产水溶性APP的主流工艺，即磷酸氨化法与磷铵尿素法，指出了这两种方法的优缺点：磷酸氨化法工艺简单、产品品质好但对磷酸品质要求高，生产成本高；而磷铵尿素法则工艺简单、生产能力大、成本低，但间歇反应易导致产品的批次差异，品质不稳定。还提出了磷酸铵-尿素连续法，此法具有连续生产、产品品质可控等优点。同时，综述了水溶性APP在盆栽实验及田间实验上的研究进展，水溶性APP在农业上具有广阔的应用前景。最后对水溶性APP的制备及应用做出了展望。

Research progress of preparation and application of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate

Water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a new type of fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus, which has the advantages of solubility, compatibility, low crystallization temperature and good chelating performance. The application of water-soluble APP to soil can improve the soil available phosphorus contents, reduce the fixation of phosphorus in soil and improve the utilization rate of phosphorus. The main processes of producing water-soluble APP, phosphoric acid ammoniation method and ammonium phosphate urea method, are introduced, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. For the phosphoric acid ammoniation method, the process is simple and the quality of the products is high while the quality requirement of phosphoric acid and the producing cost are high. However, for the ammonium phosphate urea method, the process is simple, the production capacity is large and the producing cost is low while the quality of the products is unstable with the batch reaction. The continuous ammonium phosphate urea method is proposed, which has the advantages of continuous production and controllable product quality. At the same time, the results of the pot experiment and field experiment of water-soluble APP are reviewed, indicating that water-soluble APP has broad application prospect in agriculture. In addition, the future development of water-soluble APP and its application in agriculture are prospected .