垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属药剂稳定化研究进展

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中存有大量高毒性的重金属物质，若不规范处置容易对土壤、地下水造成严重污染，目前通常采用添加化学药剂的方法来稳定飞灰中的重金属。本文在梳理国内外文献的基础上，归纳评述了飞灰重金属的性质、固化稳定化填埋工艺以及目前已被研究或应用的飞灰重金属稳定药剂，包括硫化钠、磷酸、无定形硅材料、铁化合物等无机药剂以及硫脲、EDTA接聚体、壳聚糖、氨基硫代羧酸盐等有机螯合剂，阐明了药剂作用机制和存在的问题，总结了不同药剂作用下的重金属稳定效果，同时针对新形势下的飞灰重金属稳定化要求进行了探讨，提出今后的研究方向为：选择特征性重金属药剂复配稳定飞灰；以改性、成环方式改良氨基硫代羧酸盐类物质（DTC）物质或以交联接枝等方式开发新型螯合剂。

Research progress and consideration on medicament stabilization of heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash

There are abundant highly toxic heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Without properly disposed, it will cause serious pollution to the soil and groundwater, thus, the addition of chemical agents to stabilize the heavy metals in fly ash is vital. On the basis of reviewing the literatures at home and abroad, the characteristics of heavy metals, the solidification technology in landfills, and the heavy metal stabilization agents including inorganic agents (sodium sulfide, phosphoric acid, amorphous silicon, iron compound) and organic chelating agents (thiourea, EDTA polymer, chitosan, thiosamine carboxylate) of fly ash that had been studied or applied are reviewed. The mechanism of action and existing problems of these agents are clarified, and the stabilization effects under different agents are summarized. The requirements of heavy metal stabilization under the new situation are discussed, and suggestions and prospects are put forward, namely, selecting compound distinctive agents, improving DTC substances by means of modification and ring formation or developing new agents via cross-linking and grafting.