生物原油炼制： 副产物内循环及水热自催化

利用高温高压条件模拟石油生成的生物质水热液化技术可用于制备生物原油，以替代日益枯竭的石油资源，然而副产物处置问题制约了其可持续发展。解决该问题的方法首先是通过水热定向催化调控减少副产物，然后集成各种技术将副产物尽可能原位资源化。基于此并依据生物炼制的思想，本文对一种集成几种水热技术炼制生物原油的模式进行了讨论。依据生物质水热液化副产物的特性，通过对固体产物水热合成制备催化剂、水相产物回用产生有机酸、气体产物分离或彻底氧化后水热还原生产有机酸等，可实现副产物内循环并强化自催化生成生物原油。指出该模式符合绿色化工的理念，对于加快规模化生产可替代石油的生物原油、缓解能源危机具有重要的参考意义。

Biorefining of biocrude oil: recirculation of by-products and hydrothermal autocatalysis

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can simulate generation of crude oil under high temperature and high pressure. Bio-crude oil prepared by HTL can solve the problem of oil resource depletion in the future. However, the problem of disposal by-products during HTL restricts its sustainable development. One way to solve this problem is direct hydrothermal catalysis for bio-crude oil to reduce processing by-products and then integration of various technologies to in-situ convert by-products into resources. Based on this and according to biorefinery, a developing model integrating hydrothermal technologies to biorefinery of bio-crude oil was discussed in this paper. This model was based on analyzing the characteristics of hydrothermal by-products; then catalysts were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis of solid products, reusing of aqueous products, and separation or completely oxidization of gas products to produce organic acids; and finally, recirculation of hydrothermal by-products in this model was realized and biomass was autocatalyzed to produce biocrude oil again. This model conforms to the concept of green chemical industry and has important significance for accelerating the large-scale production of bio-crude oil and alleviating the energy crisis.