废弃物衍生分级多孔炭的制备及吸附应用进展

分级多孔炭因其高比表面积、大孔容及分级孔结构，目前广泛应用于超级电容器、锂离子电池、催化及吸附等领域。废弃物在热解气化过程中残留的碳基材料则是制备分级多孔炭很好的前体。本文根据废弃物来源及自身特性间的差异，对生物质和非生物质废弃物作为原料制备的分级多孔炭的特性及应用进行了综述及总结。并对不同制备方法的优劣及适用对象进行了比较。对分级多孔炭在挥发性有机物（VOCs）吸附、CO₂吸附捕集、染料吸附、抗生素以及酚类物质的吸附过程进行分析，总结出废弃物基多孔炭在孔径结构及表面杂原子掺杂情况下的优势能够增强这几类物质的吸附效果。结合已有文献，对废弃物基分级多孔炭的制备、孔径设计及表面官能团设计提出展望。

Progress on preparation and adsorption application of solid waste derived hierarchical porous carbon

Hierarchical porous carbon is widely used in the fields of supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, catalysis and adsorption due to its high specific surface area, large pore volume and hierarchical pore structure. The carbon-based residue after the pyrolysis and gasification of wastes are appropriate precursors for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon. This paper reviewed the current waste-based hierarchical porous carbon preparation and adsorption applications. Based on the differences between waste sources and its own characteristics, the characteristics and applications of hierarchical porous carbon prepared from biomass and non-biomass waste were summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods and the applicable fields were compared. This paper also analyzed the adsorption process of VOCs, CO₂, dyes, antibiotics and phenols. The advantages of waste-based porous carbon in pore structure and surface heteroatom doping can enhance the adsorption effect of these types of substances. Combined with the existing literature, the prospects for the preparation of waste-based hierarchical porous carbon, pore size design and surface functional group design were put forward.