木质素基介孔碳材料的制备及应用进展

木质素是自然界中唯一可提供再生性芳香基化合物的非石油类资源，酚羟基的可替代性、低成本及其高含碳量使其成为合成可持续介孔碳的优选前体。本文分别介绍了采用硬模板法、软模板法、双模板法、活化法、水热法以及溶胶-凝胶法制备木质素基介孔碳材料的最新研究进展。分析对比了采用不同方法制备的介孔碳材料所具有的孔道结构和形貌特点，并详细说明了其在吸附、催化、药物缓释和超级电容器等主要方面的应用。最后根据木质素基介孔碳材料在制备及应用过程中所面临的困境，提出发展一种简单、绿色、低成本的合成方法用以制备新型介孔结构的高性能复合型木质素基介孔碳材料将成为今后主要的研究方向。

Progress in preparation and application of lignin-derived mesoporous carbon materials

Lignin is the only non-petroleum resource in nature that provides regenerative aromatic compounds, and it has been employed as a superior carbon precursor in the sustainable synthesis of mesoporous carbon owing to its advantages of phenol-rich structure, low cost and high carbon content. This paper introduced the latest research progress in the preparation of lignin-derived mesoporous carbon materials using hard template method, soft template method, dual hard and soft template method, activation method, hydrothermal method and sol-gel method, respectively. The pore structure and morphology of mesoporous carbon materials prepared by different methods were analyzed and compared, and their applications in adsorption, catalysis, drug delivery and supercapacitor were described in detail. Finally, in accordance with the existing difficulties in the preparation and application of lignin-derived mesoporous carbon materials, the future research directions were prospected.