爆炸冲击波作用下化工设备易损性研究评述

爆炸冲击波是导致化工园区多米诺效应事故升级的重要原因之一。在文献分析的基础上,本文从爆炸冲击波强度表征、化工设备破坏失效的动力响应、破坏失效概率计算方法、易损性分析等4个方面,指出目前爆炸冲击波作用下化工设备易损性研究存在的不足,进而提出了进一步研究方向,包括不同爆炸类型的超压时程曲线特征与能量频谱规律研究、空间分布参数模型或集中参数模型的定量研究、基于结构可靠性的破坏失效概率计算方法、爆炸冲击波强度参数与设备抗性参数的易损性分析等,在此基础上系统性建立了爆炸冲击波作用下化工设备易损性研究的流程图,指出集中参数的可靠性方法与随机有限元法是爆炸冲击波作用下化工设备易损性研究的关键性方向,为提高爆炸冲击波多米诺效应定量风险评估的可靠度与精确度提供参考。

Review of the vulnerability of chemical equipment subjected to blast wave

Blast wave is one of the important escalation factors of Domino effect in chemical industry parks. Based on the literature analysis, the inadequacies of current research on vulnerability of chemical equipment subjected to blast wave were pointed out, from the four aspects of the intensity characterization of blast wave, the dynamic response of equipment damage, the damage probability of equipment and the vulnerability analysis. It was suggested that the characteristic of overpressure history curve and energy spectrum about different explosion types, quantitative study on spatial distribution parameter model or lumped parameter model, damage probability methods based on the structural reliability and the vulnerability analysis of blast wave intensity parameters and equipment resistance parameters should be further studied. Based on these, the flow chart of the vulnerability of chemical equipment subjected to blast wave was built. The critical sections of equipment vulnerability analysis were the reliability method of lumped parameter and stochastic finite element method. The review can be considered as the reference for enhancing the reliability and accuracy of quantitative risk assessment of domino effect.