煤催化微波热解技术及其碳基吸波催化剂研究进展

微波技术与煤热解技术结合而成的煤微波热解技术可高效地治理传统煤热解技术中环境污染高和资源利用效率低的难题，为低变质煤的清洁高效利用和分级提质利用提供了新的思路。煤催化微波热解技术能有效改善热解升温特性和产物分布，从而受到较多学者的关注。本文从低变质煤催化微波热解技术发展历程着手，概述了国内外煤催化微波热解研究技术进展，通过加入Fe、Co、Ni和Cu等金属化合物或焦炭、活性炭等碳材料作为吸波剂，能显著增强煤对微波的吸收能力，提高热解升温速率、产物收率及产物质量，而有些金属化合物在微波热解反应中不仅起到吸波作用，还具有催化作用。碳基吸波催化剂作为一种性能优越的煤微波热解催化剂，具有优越的电磁和吸波性能、较好的催化性能和高经济性等优点，本文在煤催化微波热解技术研究现状的基础上，对碳基吸波催化剂进行了较为详细地分析，概述了碳基吸波催化剂的碳基体和催化活性组分的研究进展，对比了3种常见碳基吸波催化剂制备方法的优劣势。最后，总结了碳基吸波催化剂在研发过程中存在的难题，并展望了低变质煤催化微波热解技术的应用前景。

Advances in coal catalytic microwave pyrolysis and its carbon-based absorbing microwave catalysts

Coal microwave pyrolysis technology is a new idea for changing the current situation of high environmental pollution and poor efficiency in coal conventional pyrolysis field that combines microwave technology with coal pyrolysis technology. Because of effective improvements of the temperature-rising characteristics and the products distribution, catalytic microwave pyrolysis, which is belonged to coal microwave pyrolysis, is widely concerned in the field of coal chemical industry. Through the developmental history of low-rank coal catalytic microwave pyrolysis, the status of catalytic microwave pyrolysis at home and abroad is summarized in this paper. Addition of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and other metallic compounds or char, activated carbon and other carbon materials used as microwave absorbent can obtain higher heating rate and more uniform temperature distribution to significantly improve the coal tar yield and quality because of enhancement of microwave absorption property. Meanwhile, some metallic compounds played double roles of microwave absorber and catalyst. Because of excellent electromagnetic and microwave absorption performance, good catalysis and cost-efficient of carbon-based absorbing microwave catalysts, the carbon substrates and catalytic active component are further analyzed, and the characteristics of three common preparation methods are also compared. At the end of paper, the key existing problems of carbon-based absorbing microwave catalysts in preparation process are analyzed, and an outlook of the practical prospect for low-rank coal catalytic microwave pyrolysis technology is proposed.