合成气的生物利用与定向转化

合成气是来源于石化、煤化工以及生物质加工行业的一类重要原料气体。现有的化学催化路线可将合成气转化为氨、烯烃、甲醇等大宗化工产品，但尚无法实现选择性地合成具有较高附加值的长碳链化合物，而发展合成气的生物转化路线是克服上述难题、拓展产业链的有效策略。本文综述了随着分子遗传操作工具以及合成生物学的快速发展，合成气生物利用相关的菌株代谢工程设计、改造以及发酵工艺优化等方面的研究进展和产业化进程，并指出目前该技术路线在固碳效率、产物合成种类及产量方面还存在不足，亟待优化以满足大规模工业化推广应用的要求。本文还对合成气生物利用与转化的研究现状进行了梳理和总结，并探讨了未来的发展方向，以期为建立具有经济竞争力的合成气生物利用技术和工艺提供参考。

Biological utilization and conversion of syngas

Syngas is a group of important raw gases from petrochemical, coal chemical and biomass processing industries. Chemical catalysis has been used for converting syngas into multiple bulk chemicals such as ammonia, olefin and methanol, but cannot achieve the production of long-chain value-added compounds from syngas with high selectivity. Biological conversion, as an effective approach to surmount the above problem, is expected to expand the syngas industry chain. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular genetic tools and synthetic biology, strain design and modification and fermentation technologies, which are associated with syngas utilization, have been widely studied. However, the carbon fixation efficiency and product spectrum and yield of microbial syngas utilization is urgent to be improved to meet the requirements of large-scale industrialization. Here, we reviewed the latest research progresses in biological conversion of syngas and discussed the trends of future development, aiming to provide information on the development of more economically viable technologies and processes for syngas utilization.