泡沫混凝土的研究进展与应用

泡沫混凝土是近年来广泛研究和应用的高性能结构保温材料,不仅轻质,而且具有保温、耐火、隔音等优异性能。泡沫混凝土的性能参数众多,但其主要性能是抗压强度和导热系数。泡沫混凝土的抗压强度随密度增大而增大,导热性能随着密度的增大而降低,因此,抗压强度和导热系数的矛盾为泡沫混凝土的大规模推广应用造成不利影响。考虑密度、孔隙率、发泡剂、掺合料、水灰比等因素,从宏观规律和微观结构角度,综述泡沫混凝土抗压强度和导热系数变化;在此基础上,对轻质泡沫混凝土和保温结构一体化混凝土应用现状进行介绍,总结轻质泡沫混凝土塌模、保温结构不兼容、耐久性差等问题解决方案,指出现有研究的不足,为未来研究和应用提供方向与思路。

Research Progress and Application of Foam Concrete

Foam concrete as one of the most widely used and investigated construction materials with integrated structural insulation has various unique properties such as low self-weight,fire resistance and air borne sound insulation.The compressive strength and thermal conductivity of foam concrete are the key factors affecting the application.The compressive strength of foam concrete increases while the thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of the density,thus hindering the application.In this review,the effects of foaming agent,density,porosity,admixture and water cement ratio on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity were discussed.Recent research work on lightweight foam concrete and integration of thermal insulation structure foam concrete were summarized.The existing problems(i.e.,collapse of the slurry,incompatibility of mechanical and heat preservation properties and low durability)and the corresponding solutions to the problems were given.This review could provide a basis for future investigation and practical engineering application.