CL-20/DNT共晶炸药的制备及其性能研究

以丙酮为溶剂,通过蒸发结晶法制得六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)/二硝基甲苯(DNT)共晶炸药。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重/差示量热法(TGA/DSC)研究了共晶炸药的形貌、结构和热分解特性,测试了CL-20/DNT共晶炸药的机械感度和5s爆发点温度,并计算了其爆轰性能。结果表明,共晶炸药的微观形貌不同于原料CL-20,呈条状晶体;衍射峰明显不同于CL-20/DNT物理混合物的衍射峰,表明有新物相生成。在DSC曲线上,CL-20/DNT共晶几乎没有DNT的熔化吸热峰,而CL-20/DNT物理混合物中有明显的熔化峰,且二者的放热峰峰形和峰位不同;与原料CL-20相比,共晶炸药的分解峰温提前了21℃,放热量(ΔH)和最大热流量(Qmax)分别增加了39%和104%。与CL-20/DNT物理混合物相比,共晶炸药的5s爆发点温度和表观活化能分别增加3.9℃和65.7kJ/mol,撞击感度降低88.9%,摩擦感度降低40%,说明共晶炸药热稳定性增强。CL-20/DNT共晶炸药的理论爆速达到8 340m/s。

Preparation of CL-20/DNT Cocrystal Explosive and Study on Its Performance

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/Dinitrotoluene(CL-20/DNT)cocrystal explosive was prepared by an evaporation-crystallization method using acetone as solvent.Scanning electron micros-copy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimeter(TGA/DSC)analyses were employed to investigate the morphology,structure and thermal decomposition characteristics of the cocrystal explosive.The mechanical sensitivity and 5s explosion temperature of CL-20/DNT cocrystal explosive were tested and its detonation properties were calculated.Results indicate that the micron morphology of CL-20/DNT cocrystal explosive shows strip-shaped crystal which is obviously different from that of raw CL-20.Its diffraction peaks are obviously different from that of CL-20/DNT physical mixture,indicating that the new phase is formed.On DSC curve of CL-20/DNT cocrystal explosive,there is almost no endothermic peak that reflected the melting of DNT. However,on DSC curve of CL-20/DNT physical mixture,the melting peak of DNT is striking and the exothermic peaks and peak position of both are different.In comparison with raw CL-20,the decomposition peak temperature of CL-20/DNT cocrystal explosive advances by 21℃,and ΔH and Qmax increase by 39% and 104%,respectively. Comparing with its physical mixture,5 s explosion temperature and apparent activation energy of CL-20/DNT cocrystal increase by 3.9℃ and 65.7 kJ/mol,respectively;Impact sensitivity increases by 88.9% and friction sensitivity decreases by 40%,showing that the thermal stability of cocrystal explosive is enhanced.The theoretical detonation velocity of CL-20/DNT cocrystal reaches to 8 340 m/s.