灵芝多糖提取工艺的改良

灵芝（Ganodernlalucidum）是担子菌门，非褶菌目，灵芝科，灵芝属真菌（Alexopolus，1979，Mims；2002），具有极高的营养、保健、医疗价值。本课题以灵芝孢子粉为主要原料，以多糖提取量为考察指标，改进灵芝的提取工艺。本论文使用热水浸提，连续冷冻，酶解等方法对灵芝进行多糖的提取；并采用Sevage法除蛋白、减压蒸馏浓缩粗样、乙醇分级沉淀等操作对灵芝多糖提纯。结果表明：料液比l：20，在70cC下浸提2h，并加入碳酸钠，使溶液pH为10的条件下，多糖的提取最佳。连续冷冻法多糖的得率6．68％，热水浸提法得率是2．6％，酶解法粗多糖的提取率达7．11％。本课题优化了实验的条件，灵芝多糖的提取率大大提高，为工艺生产提供了有利的条件，为进一步研究提供了思路。

Improvement of the Extraction Technology of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides

Ganoderma lucidum is Basidiomycota, Aphyllophrales and Ganodermataceae. Ganoderma lucidum belongs to Fungus （Alexopolus, 1979, Mims; 2002） which has high values on nutrition, health care and medical care. In this paper, taking Ganoderma lucidum as raw material and extraction volume ofpolysaccharides as inspection indicator, the extraction technology of Ganoderma lucidum was improved. In order to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, firstly the methods including hot water extraction, continuous freezing enzymolysis and so on were used; then Sevage method was also used to deproteinize,and finally products were obtained by reduced pressure distillation and ethanol precipitation. The results show that optimized extraction conditions are as follows： material-to-solution ratio is 1：20, extraction temperature is 70 ~C, time is 2 h, and pH value is 10. The extraction rate of the continuous freezing method is 6.68%, the extraction rate of hot water method is 2.6% and the extraction rate of enzymolysis is 7.11%. Through optimizing the test conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum has been significantly improved, which can provide favorable conditions for the production and also suggest some ideas for the future research.