微生物对稠油降解、降粘作用研究进展

稠油因其有高粘、流动性差、不宜开采的特点成为石油开采运输的研究重点;微生物降解稠油技术因高效、不污染油品,近几年来研究进展较大。目前,解烃菌的菌种数量虽然众多,但是这些菌种对地层、油藏的伍配性太强,只适应特定的油品;降解胶质、沥青质方面微生物存在着一定难度,这类菌种较少而且作用周期较长。论述了影响稠油流动性的因素、近几年来微生物降解稠油的研究进展,展望了日后的微生物降解稠油的研究方向。

Research Progress in Heavy Oil Bio-degradation Technology

Heavy oil becomes a research focus of the oil transportation because of its high viscosity and poor liquidity. In recent years, considerable research progress has been made in heavy oil bio-degradation technology with many advantages. There are so many species of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; however, these species are just adapted to the special stratum, reservoir and oil. There are some difficulties in the degradation of asphaltene and colloid, this kind of bacteria is less, and needs long effect period. In this paper, factors influencing the liquidity of heavy oil were discussed as well as research progress of recent microbial degradation of heavy oil; research direction of bio-degradation of heavy oil in the future was prospected.