渣油加氢催化剂金属沉积的研究进展

随着原油日益变重，渣油加氢技术在炼油工业中得以迅速发展。分析渣油中金属存在形式及其结构特点，论述金属在催化剂上的沉积形式及其分布，讨论渣油性质、工艺条件以及催化剂性质对金属沉积的影响。通过讨论与分析，指出金属沉积物是渣油加氢催化剂失活的主要原因，但对金属在催化剂上的沉积机理以及沉积物形式存在争议。胶质与沥青质中金属含量较高，在加氢脱金属过程中，渣油中沥青质和胶质含量以及结构变化对于催化剂上金属沉积的影响有待研究。反应温度和反应压力对金属沉积规律的影响也需要进一步深入研究，尤其是H₂（H₂S）在脱金属反应过程中的作用机理。

Advance in metal deposition on residue hydrotreating catalyst

Metal deposition is one of the main reasons for catalyst deactivation and is also the research emphasis in the process of residue hydrotreating. In this paper, the structural feature and the form of metal compounds in the residue feed were analyzed, and the form and distribution of metal deposition on residue hydrotreating catalyst was summarized. The influence of the properties of feedstock, the operating condi- tions and the catalyst characteristics on metal deposition was discussed. It was pointed out that metal de- posits were the main reason for the deactivation of residue hydrotreating catalysts. The problems in dispute were deposition mechanism and deposit types on the catalysts. During the process of hydrodemetallization, the effects of the contents and structural changes of colloid and asphahene on metal deposition on the cat- alysts will need researching due to high contents of the metal in colloid and asphaltene. The influence of reaction temperature and reaction pressure, and the action mechanism of H2 （H2S） in the hydrodemetalli- zation process will be explored in depth.